(X)HTML
HTML and XHTML are the markup languages used to create a solid foundation for your website or web application, and articles in this category generally touch upon the semantics and accessibility aspects of marking up web pages.
XHTML Media Types Working Group Note updated
The W3C XHTML Media Types Note now includes compatibility guidelines and allows XHTML 1.1 documents to be served as text/html provided that they conform to those guidelines.
Embedding video files without JavaScript
A method for embedding video files with the HTML 5 video element, QuickTime or Flash that does not require JavaScript.
XHTML 1.0 helped improve the Web
Jeffrey Zeldman on how the stricter and clearer rules of XHTML 1.0 made many web professionals improve their markup.
CSSquirrel makes comics out of hot topics
At cssquirrel.com, Kyle Weems turns hot web related topics into enjoyable comics that should make a lot of web geeks smile.
Headings and document structure conclusions
There appears to be no single solution to heading structure in HTML that fits all situations, but as I see it there are two choices.
Use the th element to specify row and column headers in data tables
When creating data tables in HTML, make sure to mark up the table structure properly, using the relevant elements and attributes available in HTML.
Use the optgroup element to group select options
When grouping the options of a select element, you can use the optgroup element with a label attribute instead of faking the groups with option elements.
Use the fieldset and legend elements to group HTML form controls
Only use the fieldset and legend elements to group logically related form controls, always use both elements together, and keep legend texts short.
Using an XML declaration triggers Quirks mode in IE 6
If you use an XHTML doctype with an XML declaration, Internet Explorer 6 will switch to Quirks mode and use an incorrect CSS box model.
The evolution and future of HTML
Sam Ruby, co-chair of the W3C HTML Working Group, has put together a number of select quotes to illustrate the evolution of HTML, from the beginning to where it is now.
Use the p element to create paragraphs
Using p elements instead of multiple br elements to create paragraphs in HTML makes your documents more accessible and easier to style.
The alt attribute is for images only
The alt attribute is valid only for images and provides alternative text used when the image cannot be rendered. Do not use it with links and other non-image HTML elements.
It’s “class”, not “CSS class”
There is nothing called a “CSS class” in HTML or CSS, so please refer to values of the HTML class attribute as classes or class names instead.
Use CSS Diagnostics with Stylish to find bad HTML
Combining the concept of diagnostic CSS with the Stylish Firefox extension makes it easy to apply CSS that reveals invalid or deprecated HTML to any site you want.
Validating WAI-ARIA in HTML and XHTML
Validating WAI-ARIA in HTML or XHTML is currently more difficult than it could be, but it is possible and there is hope that it will be easier in the near future.
Creating valid names with the id attribute
There is a simple rule that defines which characters you may use with the id attribute: begin with a letter, then add any number of digits, hyphens, underscores, colons, and periods.
Headings, heading hierarchy, and document outlines
What do you do when an HTML document’s main heading is not the first text that should be marked up as a heading - insert a dummy heading or give up on having a perfect document outline?
Specify each HTML document’s main natural language
Always specify which natural language (spoken, written or signed human language) is used for a document’s content. Use the lang and/or xml:lang attributes for this.
Find inline CSS and JavaScript with Inline Code Finder
Inline Code Finder is a neat quality assurance tool that will find and highlight any elements that have inline events, inline styles, or javascript: links.
The id attribute’s value must be unique
The value of the id attribute must be unique in an HTML document. In other words, the same id value may only occur once.
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